Literature Post #5

2.Jamshidi, Laleh1, laleh.jamshidi@yahoo.com, et al. "Developmental Patterns Of Privatization In Higher Education: A Comparative Study." Higher Education 64.6 (2012): 789-803. Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson). Web. 21 Oct. 2014.

3. Her discusses how privatization has crept into high education. She points out that privatization is causing universites to look at students not as learners but as costumers. She also compares the benefits of higher education for both the public and private or individual.
4. She is a researcher at Semnan University, Faculty of Management and Economics, Iran, Higher Education. 
5. privatization- this is the concept that a private industry or one not operated by the government is allowed to provide students and even universities with loans so that they may achieve goals. In this case students are allowed to attend college despite its high and rising price. Students as a result collect personal debt which allows companies and universities to make money and for the government to not risk as much money on each student's education.
costumer (public vs private)- this refers to the growing trend that universities look at students in economic instead of political terms which has resulted in schools becoming increasingly streamlined in order to maximize profits and to raise tuition in order to make more money. The debate on whether the government should take a role in this is based in does higher education only benefit the individual so  it should be an individual's issue or does it effect the community therefore the government should do more than just encourage people to attend school
6. "The labels ‘‘public’’ and ‘‘private’’ most often refer to the founding bodies or funding
sources of an institution. The terms are regularly used to infer the groups or sectors that
benefit from the institutions’ services. However, studies show that public as well as private
higher education can contribute to both public and private good...should accomplish the main missions of higher education including education, research and providing services to community" (Jamshidi 791-792)
"Privatization in higher education refers to the process in which schools and universities
(both public and private) act according to characteristics and norms of the private sector,
operate in a business-like and market-oriented manner, respond to consumer and customers’
expectations and show more reliance on private funding instead of public funding.
In this process, the students are considered as customers and education is considered as a
product with the most important elements of funding, competing institutions, labor market
conditions, increasing income, and active marketing" (Jamshidi 792)
"In the 1980s, structural modification programs included policies to decrease both the
role of the state in development and the level of fiscal scarcity. These policies had an
impact on the public sector in general and on publicly funded education, in particular. In
addition, some of the measures preferred the diversion of public resources from education
to the productive sectors and the diversion of public investment from the higher to the
lower levels of education." (Jamshidi 793)
7. This is going to be used to justify and support the theory of privatization as part of my argument and how it is creating a bubble/ enslaved society to colleges which are more interested in "making out like bandits" than carrying about the education and future succes of their students/ the value of their degree

Literature Review #4

3.Breinig, Helmbrecht, Jürgen Gebhardt, and Berndt Ostendorf. German and American Higher Education: Educational Philosophies and Political Systems. Münster: Lit, 2001. Print.

2.. This book explains the German education system in comparison to the American system. The part that I read discusses the German system as one which a multi-tiered education system which is able to prevent too many students from going to college or following vocational education. In this manner the system is prepared for surges in students interested in pursuing higher education because it is able to create a sustainable number of graduates as to prevent the creation of an education bubble or a devalued degree. Additionally, education is free in Germany, thus preventing privatization and steep tuition prices from coming into being.
4, Although no particular sources was found cataloging Breinig's accomplishments. My searches revealed that he has been writing for a long time about the German education system and that he works for a university in Bavaria. He has also been writing about the American system and comparing it to Germany's since the early 80s.
5. multi-tiered- this means that the German system is divided based on academics which will result in the type of work that an individual will most likely be doing. This means that students are separated based on ability into vocational and collegiate tracks which allows students to become really well prepared for their future education/job. Students have state sponsored choices outside of college which can breed success for the individual and still make them a contributing part of the state.
national values-  these are the values which the German education system upholds as a result of national sentiment. This means that the system is a result of the community recognizing that this tracked system will ultimately create what is best for the nation.
6. "...resource scarcity have launched new initiatives in all industrialized countries. They agree on broad goals, but outcomes remain strongly influenced by national values and structures. " (Breinig 56)
"...federal government's continued influence through seed money and incentive-based grants." (Breinig 58) - how the gov. staying in control of higher education has kept rate down
"...emphasis on specialized apprenticeship-based vocational training (the dual system) contributes to the lower enrollment of students in the tertiary sector." (Breinig 60) - many tracks, prevents college overload
"Higher education institutions not only provide individual benefits to students but are crucial for regional ecnoomic development" (Breinig 61) education is good for the community
7. This will be used to show the power of an imagined community. It will also highlight a method that the USA may utilize in order to solve this educational bubble before it bursts. This system creates sustainability instead of short-term-minded individuals.

Literature Review #3

2. Reynolds, Glenn Harlan (2012-06-26). The Higher Education Bubble (Encounter Broadside) (Kindle Location). Encounter Books. Kindle Edition.

3. It discusses the formation of a higher education bubble based on the modal of the housing bubble. Reynolds uses the housing bubble to explain that the educational bubble will follow a similar discourse to the housing bubble in that it will eventually burst causing the economy or this case education to crash. The price of higher education is rising too rapidly for people to afford/justify the massive debt that they are assuming for the jobs that degrees from universities are able to land people. The job market cannot handle so many college graduates and as a result jobs are paying less. Eventually, people are going to cease their acceptance of this system, large enrollment due to college for all, and the market will crash. 

4. Glenn Reynolds- Law Professor at the University of Tennessee, he has published several books on education, his expertise comes from being able to analyze data to show trends that all point to the theory that their is an educational bubble. 

5. bubble- debt, rising tuition, stigma of going to college, saturated job market, speculation, devaluating degrees and so are creating around higher education

unnatural- the fact that the nation would not have produced on its own so many college students, this means that more people are going to college than the nation is prepared to handle/ be able to integrate into the country after graduation 

6. “Total student-loan debt in America has passed the trillion-dollar mark, more than total credit-card debt and more than total auto-loan debt.” (Reynolds Kindle 88-89)

 “…the amount families pay for college has skyrocketed 439 percent since 1982…. Normal supply and demand can’t begin to explain cost increases of this magnitude” (Reynolds Kindle 25-26)

“By the 1970s, the infrastructure was there for more college students than the population was ready to produce on its own. “ (Reynolds (Kindle Locations 100-101))

7. He is going to provide verbage to the impending crisis which is being created by a high demand for a college degree as the result of the college for all movement which has created an unnaturally high demand for college degrees which has allowed colleges to raise prices despite seemingly less federal funding which causes students to take out increasing larger loans which increasingly cannot be justified by the job market and the value of the degree itself (which has decreased) 

Literature Review #2

2. This book discusses in detail the concept of an imagined community. It defines it as a great form of nationalism in which people feel very connected to one another through many common traits such as tradition, ethnicity, religion etc. This results in a group of people looking out for one another instead of a bunch of individuals living together, each operating for their own benefit. The community sees itself as something divine/ greater than the individual.
3.Anderson, Benedict R. O'G. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso, 1991. Print.

4. He is a professor at Cornell University who focuses on International Studies, Government in Eastern Asia, and in general a historian.
5.nationalism- this concept that people are united by ancestral experiences which form them into a community, this theory comes into existence as a result of the decline of religion and monarchism which is the result of increasingly industrialized and enlightened societies needing to create some sort of continuity among their populace, especially in growing imperial nations, it allows people to work for the betterment of the state so that it can out compete other states
community- it is what is formed when people feel like they know other people who they have never met because of the supposed common bonds which the two of them share, this creates a basic system of these two people wanting to work together to ensure both of their successes
6. "Nor is this tendency confined to the socialist world" (Anderson 3)
Nationalism is, "...cultural artifact of a particular kind... command such profound emotional legitimacy.... a variety of political and ideological constellations." (Anderson 4)
'...belonging within a kinship" (Anderson 5)
7. This book will be used to show that the decline of the concept of imagined community in the United States during the 70s, especially the 80s caused privatization to become an ever increasing part of the funding process of higher education. Americans no longer saw higher education as something good for the community. It served to only help individuals. Thus, the people demanded that they not pay for other people to go to college. Therefore, federal funding during, especially conservative eras, was cut towards higher education. Paying for school and accumulated debt is the responsibility of the individual and a cost of getting ahead, not that of the community's.

Literature Review #1

2. Selingo, Jeffrey J. College (un)bound: The Future of Higher Education and What It Means for Students. New York: New Harvest Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2013. Print.

3. This book discusses the worth of obtaining a college degree. Selingo offers insight into the devaluation of college degrees as a result of so many people attending college. He also suggests that students begin to search for alternative routes besides going to a traditional college in order to get a degree that it either more applicable to their future job or simply a degree that is cheaper. He discusses  vocation learning and online degrees as a result. Finally, he wonders and proposes what the future of education will be like in the United States. 

4. Qualifications: He has sold two best-selling books on this subject and he is a well known columnist and public speaker. His work's are acclaimed from people and groups ranging from the New York Times to the President of Cornell University. http://www.jeffselingo.com/about/

5. college for all- a phrase which means that everyone should go to college, regardless if they are financially or academically prepared/ suitable for college 

vocational education- an example of an alternative route to college which will allow partakers to gain real job experience in a field that they are going to be working in which allows them to be several years ahead in experience of college graduates, additionally, this method is less expensive and starts paying the student

6. "'Instead of subsidizing college for all, what if we created a national service program to take some unruly eighteen-year-olds and get real stuff done?"' (Selingo 166) -alternative roots to college or a way to prepare students before going to college to help them realize the importance of college

"'I always thought that the right thing to do was pursue a four year degree- there definately was pressure to do that... had no interest in whatever degree I was getting at Radford. Automotive technology was my best bet."' (Selingo 125)

"Right now, colleges have a corner on the credential market, and a credential is the ticket to most good jobs. That's why colleges can charge whatever they want for that piece of paper." (Selingo 68)

7. In short, these quotes illustrate the fact that college tuition rates are rising because of the ideology that one has to go to college in order to be successful. Therefore, as government funding decreases and tuition rate rise so too must privatization grow. These quotes also show the importance of becoming educated in a field that interests the student and is applicable to the job that they are going to be doing. There is no sense in paying for a degree that you do not like, cannot use, and accruing massive debt. Selingo offers alternative ideas to college that would be more prevalent if we this country saw education as more of a communal issue. He highlights votechs and programs designed to help students gain perspective. Both of which prepare students for their future and help them determine if they really need or should go to college. 

Blog Post #9

My argument is that death of imagined community in the USA has caused privatization to come into an ever increasing state of being which coupled with the college for all movement has resulted in colleges raising tuition at astronomical rates due to the high demand for an education, which has resulted in devaluing degrees and an educational bubble. This part of my argument is most applicable to the counter argument posed by President Obama in his State of the Union Address as recorded in Selingo's College (Un)Bound on page 70. The president blames the above issue on institutions taking advantage of federal funds and the states' lack of control over higher education in order to create these high tuition rates. He decides that college for all is not the problem, the schools are. He then ends this quote by threatening to cut all funding to schools which are unable to control themselves, in order to reduced tuition. In this way the president is trying to create a community which demands that one part of the community not exploit the other for its own gain.  Ultimately, the president sees the problem as the result of individualism but he blames privatization/rising tuition on schools which are making it impossible for the government to adequately fund them, instead of on an outdated ideology and a specifically a shattered community.

Selingo, Jeffrey J. College (un)bound: The Future of Higher Education and What It Means for Students. New York: New Harvest Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2013. Print. 

Blog Post #8

I decided to interview my old german friend, Ariane Berger who lives in Germany and who is currently attending the Goethe-Universitaet Frankfurt am Main. Although she is not an academic source. She does have the keen insight that my paper requires in terms of imagined community and the multi-tiered system as a result. She unlike an American professor can speak from experience rather than theory on the aforementioned subjects. The questions and answer are shortened because the interview was conducted in German and notes were kept simple:
- Explain the goal of the German system?
         different exams decide which tracks students shall go on, "Someone needs to invent the machine, someone needs to repair the machine, and someone needs to operate the machine." which is particularly interesting to/ useful for my case because it speaks exactly to my point of the ability of the multi-tiered German system to produce people who are capable of serving the needs of the community rather than their individual needs
- How does Germany prevent privatization? How does not having to pay tuition make people feel?
         privatization is prevented by high tax rates which help to pay for college, thus making it free which relieves a lot of stress because debt is not building up on students while they are in college which allows them to better focus on school
- How would you compare the German system to the American system of higher education?
        Essentially, she said that the German system is based in rationality while the American system is based in craziness. She wanted to know why colleges here are so expensive and how the government could let this happen?
- Can you speak to the quality of education for students?
 In summary, a person gets an education which is equal to the type of work that person is going to, most likely, be spending their life preforming. She also noted that this system tends to cause inequality because it is very difficult for people to rise to a higher track but it is easier to go down a track. She also fears that this system can cause those with lesser primary and secondary schooling to become unfairly trapped or forced to pursue a lower education track, thus preventing them from earning the degree they deserve. This is an interesting counterpoint to my argument. It is a negative. However, this negative also exists in the United States, although not as formally as in Germany. (See Intro. to Education curriculum)

Blog Post #7

The dissolution of the imagined community which formed in the United States during the post-World War II era has caused privatization to return and gain an ever increasing role in society. Privatization of higher education will be the focus of this paper. Privatization in the United States will be compared to Germany because Germany has managed to maintain its sense of community. Thus, Germans continue to enjoy free higher education. Additionally, the multi-tiered education system has prevented the negative effects of increased government education goals, such as the college for all movement in the United States. The college for all movement in the United States has not only worsened the effects of privatization but it has caused many student accrue massive personal debt, a devaluated degree, and for a higher education bubble to form. The German system is capable of preventing this because of the aforementioned tiered system which sets quotas for each level of education thus preventing the society from producing too many college graduates and not enough, say, manufactory workers.
In order to support these claims I plan on using College Unbound by Jeffrey Selingo, Imagined Communities by Benedict Anderson, and The Higher Education Bubble by Glenn Reynolds to form the center of my argument. Academic sources such as by Jamshidi and Breinig will fill in the gaps in my theories. I still need to find a better expert on the German education system. Perhaps my interview with my German friend this week will be able to assist me. I need to be able to show: increased enrollment,rising tuition rates, accumulation of debt, devaluating degrees, the concept of an educational bubble (like the housing bubble), and to be able to successfully tie in the German education system.

Blog Post #10

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Cgqbj1TgLl9IhdmJXK-cN7Q4vR-ukj5QcM6UNZ6GUoE/edit - please note that the google doc which contains my final paper has been shared with you via google docs, thank you

Abstract: This paper will establish how the long term failure of the United States of America to maintain an imagined community, as outlined by Benedict Anderson in Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, which focuses on the betterment of society not the individual has resulted in a reversion to American rugged individualism and privatization in higher education. This coupled with the state ideology of “college for all” has resulted in a dramatic rise in the price of college tuition due to decreased federal aid and an increased reliance on the private sector to fund education. This has with rise in college enrollment helped to devaluate college degrees and create an educational bubble. This bubble is much like the housing bubble. Finally, the American “community” and system it has created will be juxtaposed to the multi-tiered German education system and its success due to its focus on community. 

 Work Cited

Anderson, Benedict R. O'G. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso, 1991. Print.

Bennett, Daniel L. "Chart of the Week: College Enrollment Growth." Web log post. The Center for College Affordability and Productivity. N.p., 5 Jan. 2011. Web. 12 Dec. 2014. <http://collegeaffordability.blogspot.com/2011/01/charts-of-week-college-enrollment.html>.

Breinig, Helmbrecht, Jürgen Gebhardt, and Berndt Ostendorf. German and American Higher Education: Educational Philosophies and Political Systems. Münster: Lit, 2001. Print.

Geoghegen, Thomas. "New Labor." Interview by Brian Lehrer. The Brian Lehrer Show. BBC World Service. WNYC 93.9 FM, New York, New York, 2 Dec. 2014. Radio.

Hummelsheim, Stefan1, Stefan.Hummelsheim@giz.de, and Michaela2, Michaela.Baur@giz.de Baur. "The German Dual System Of Initial Vocational Education And Training And Its Potential For Transfer To Asia." Prospects (00331538) 44.2 (2014): 279-296.Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson). Web. 21 Oct. 2014.

Iannone, Carol. Bubble Trouble. 26 Aug. 2011. EDITOR’S INTRODUCTION TO THIS ISSUE. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011.

Jamshidi, Laleh1, laleh.jamshidi@yahoo.com, et al. "Developmental Patterns Of Privatization In Higher Education: A Comparative Study." Higher Education 64.6 (2012): 789-803. Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson). Web. 21 Oct. 2014.

Lomawaima, K. Tsianina, and Teresa L. McCarty. "Chapter 1: Choice and Self-Determination: Central Lessons From American Indian Education." To Remain an Indian. New York: Teacher's College, 2006. 1-42. Print.

Menashy, Francine. "Theorizing Privatization In Education: Comparing Conceptual Frameworks And The Value Of The Capability Approach." Current Issues In Comparative Education 16.1 (2013): 13-25. ERIC. Web. 21 Oct. 2014.

Meneghello, Aurora. “Default: The Student Loan Documentary.”  Online video.  YouTube.  16 Feb 2013.  Web. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvQR93C6n2E  OR  http://vimeo.com/14215806
http://www.defaultmovie.com/

Perry, Mark J. "Carpe Diem: Higher Education Bubble: College Tuition Doubled Over the Last 10 Years vs. +52% for Medical Care." Web log post. CARPE DIEM. Mark J Perry, 22 July 2011. Web. 14 Dec. 2014.

Reynolds, Glenn H. The Higher Education Bubble. New York: Encounter, 2012. http://mjperry.blogspot.com/2011/07/higher-education-bubble-college-tuition.html

Reynolds, Glenn Harlan (2012-06-26). The Higher Education Bubble (Encounter Broadside) (Kindle Location 22). Encounter Books. Kindle Edition.

Selingo, Jeffrey J. College (un)bound: The Future of Higher Education and What It Means for Students. New York: New Harvest Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2013. Print.

Blog Post #6

Perry, Mark J. "Carpe Diem: Higher Education Bubble: College Tuition Doubled Over the Last 10 Years vs. +52% for Medical Care." Web log post. CARPE DIEM. Mark J Perry, 22 July 2011. Web. 14 Dec. 2014. 

This image will be used to graphically depict the steep rise in the cost of education. It will demonstrate that the rate of inflation for tuition is much greater than many other sectors. This increase is unjustified. The market cannot support such an increase. Ultimately, this will show the detrimental effects of privatization on higher education. Not only are schools more expensive due to high demand to attend them but now students must receive ever larger loans in order to pay for an education that is rapidly becoming to expensive. The price does not match the reward. 

Additionally, it matches well with Reynolds' argument about the higher education bubble but I will go into further detail about that subject during the essay. 

Blog Post #5

Work Cited

Anderson, Benedict R. O'G. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso, 1991. Print.

Bennett, Daniel L. "Chart of the Week: College Enrollment Growth." Web log post. The Center for College Affordability and Productivity. N.p., 5 Jan. 2011. Web. 12 Dec. 2014. <http://collegeaffordability.blogspot.com/2011/01/charts-of-week-college-enrollment.html>.

Breinig, Helmbrecht, Jürgen Gebhardt, and Berndt Ostendorf. German and American Higher Education: Educational Philosophies and Political Systems. Münster: Lit, 2001. Print.

Geoghegen, Thomas. "New Labor." Interview by Brian Lehrer. The Brian Lehrer Show. BBC World Service. WNYC 93.9 FM, New York, New York, 2 Dec. 2014. Radio.

Hummelsheim, Stefan1, Stefan.Hummelsheim@giz.de, and Michaela2, Michaela.Baur@giz.de Baur. "The German Dual System Of Initial Vocational Education And Training And Its Potential For Transfer To Asia." Prospects (00331538) 44.2 (2014): 279-296.Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson). Web. 21 Oct. 2014.

Iannone, Carol. Bubble Trouble. 26 Aug. 2011. EDITOR’S INTRODUCTION TO THIS ISSUE. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011.

Jamshidi, Laleh1, laleh.jamshidi@yahoo.com, et al. "Developmental Patterns Of Privatization In Higher Education: A Comparative Study." Higher Education 64.6 (2012): 789-803. Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson). Web. 21 Oct. 2014.

Lomawaima, K. Tsianina, and Teresa L. McCarty. "Chapter 1: Choice and Self-Determination: Central Lessons From American Indian Education." To Remain an Indian. New York: Teacher's College, 2006. 1-42. Print.

Menashy, Francine. "Theorizing Privatization In Education: Comparing Conceptual Frameworks And The Value Of The Capability Approach." Current Issues In Comparative Education 16.1 (2013): 13-25. ERIC. Web. 21 Oct. 2014.

Meneghello, Aurora. “Default: The Student Loan Documentary.”  Online video.  YouTube.  16 Feb 2013.  Web. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvQR93C6n2E  OR  http://vimeo.com/14215806
http://www.defaultmovie.com/

Perry, Mark J. "Carpe Diem: Higher Education Bubble: College Tuition Doubled Over the Last 10 Years vs. +52% for Medical Care." Web log post. CARPE DIEM. Mark J Perry, 22 July 2011. Web. 14 Dec. 2014.

Reynolds, Glenn H. The Higher Education Bubble. New York: Encounter, 2012. http://mjperry.blogspot.com/2011/07/higher-education-bubble-college-tuition.html

Reynolds, Glenn Harlan (2012-06-26). The Higher Education Bubble (Encounter Broadside) (Kindle Location 22). Encounter Books. Kindle Edition.

Selingo, Jeffrey J. College (un)bound: The Future of Higher Education and What It Means for Students. New York: New Harvest Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2013. Print.

Research Proposal

Jared Novak

Professor Goeller

Research in the Disciplines

October 21, 2014

Working Title: College For All: An Outdated and Detrimental Ideology

Topic: Research will be conducted on the outdated American ideology that in order to succeed one must attend and graduate from college. This paper will explain how this concept is creating an educational bubble, increasing student debt via such means as privatization, states being unable to provide adequate funding due to increasing student populations, and a focus on an individual’s success in an increasingly standardized system as opposed to communal success like in Germany.

Research Question: How has an obsolete ideology increased privatization and created an educational bubble? What could be done to rectify a system which emphasizes success of the individual over that of the community?  How does the American education system compare to that of the German education system?

Theoretical Frame or Approach: The bubble theory of the America’s higher education system, as of now, will be expresses through the research conducted by Melvyn Fein. She states that like the Housing Bubble the American Education system is in the midst of a similar situation. The results of the Housing Bubble are used to explain what will happen to the educational one. Fein also delves into the various solutions that have been offered which will alter or reform higher education before launching into her own theories. She writes about the need for college to be applicable to what students need to learn to not only become professionals but to be competent workers who are capable of understanding and critical thought which will allow them to better overcome issues in their field. I also plan to explore privatization and its effect on how students pay for college and the kind of system that privatization creates.  Additionally, I want to focus on the German education system in comparison to the American system because of the different focuses on schooling, paying for it and etc. Theories to be discussed are the bubble, and individualism/privatization vs. communal/state funding.

Research Plan, Case or Additional Questions: The essay that I plan to write on the American higher learning system will focus on how an outdated ideology, everyone should go to college, especially if they want to be successful, is detrimental to the United States. This current system seeks to increase college enrollment, not necessarily graduation, which results in students, many of whom cannot afford college or are not entirely truly qualified, to enroll and in so doing accrue debt which they cannot repay and they find themselves overly qualified for the existent job market, thus forcing them to accept to low paying of a job or job that they are over qualified for because of increased competition, caused by increased amounts of graduates, and needing to repay ever growing loans. Thus the bubble theory is created. This essay seeks to run the middle ground of the privatization and higher education debate by seeking to clearly outline or define problems and to suggest possible solutions based on more communal educational systems such as that of the German educational system. I also plan to incorporate an interesting case study involving native Americans. This will lend to my theories of the individualistic and standardized nature of the American school system which fosters individual success which fosters the acceptance of privatization. This will be greater elaborated upon and better incorporated once it is blended into my analysis and comparison of the German educational system to the American. These systems see education as a means to better a nation. While, the American system is the result of a longstanding tradition of rugged individualism which naturally focuses on the importance and success of the individual over that of the community. People do not want to invest in other people, they only want to invest in their own success. This will be shown to be a cause for privatization because privatization places, most simply, the cost of education upon the individual not the community.

Working Bibliography:

Work Cited

Fein, Melvyn. "The 'Professionalized' Solution To The 'College Bubble'." Society 51.3 (2014): 200-209. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Oct. 2014.

Hummelsheim, Stefan1, Stefan.Hummelsheim@giz.de, and Michaela2,Michaela.Baur@giz.de Baur. "The German Dual System Of Initial Vocational Education And Training And Its Potential For Transfer To Asia." Prospects (00331538) 44.2 (2014): 279-296.Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson). Web. 21 Oct. 2014.

Iannone, Carol. Bubble Trouble. 26 Aug. 2011. EDITOR’S INTRODUCTION TO THIS ISSUE. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011.

Jamshidi, Laleh1, laleh.jamshidi@yahoo.com, et al. "Developmental Patterns Of Privatization In Higher Education: A Comparative Study." Higher Education 64.6 (2012): 789-803. Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson). Web. 21 Oct. 2014.

Lomawaima, K. Tsianina, and Teresa L. McCarty. "Chapter 1: Choice and Self-Determination: Central Lessons From American Indian Education." To Remain an Indian. New York: Teacher's College, 2006. 1-42. Print.

Menashy, Francine. "Theorizing Privatization In Education: Comparing Conceptual Frameworks And The Value Of The Capability Approach." Current Issues In Comparative Education 16.1 (2013): 13-25. ERIC. Web. 21 Oct. 2014.

Blog #3

My topic directly relates to privatization as discussed in class because although I do not attempt to justify the privatization as being fair or unfair, I simply try to explain it as the result of a flawed American educational ideology. I do not mean to say our ideology of education was or is wrong, rather to the extent to which it has been carried out, one must surely see an issue. This issue being explained, in my devil's advocate research paper, that too many students enrolling in higher education has resulted in the need for greater private involvement in paying for college because the government is unable to fund so many students going to school, nor is the nation capable of appropriately employing (employed/salaried at a rate applicable and proportional to their education) so many collegiate students. Privatization has resulted in students being put under such great stress that if they are able to graduate from college they are unable to make good on their loans, mainly because they do not have the salary, initial capital, or health.
Default: The Student Loan Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvQR93C6n2E

Blog #2

I have decided to change the topic of my interest to something a little more along the lines of something like the devil's advocate. I plan to write about privatization from the other spectrum. This means that I hope to focus on privatization as the result of a faulty and outdated American ideology, that in order to be successful, one must receive the highest education possible which usually translates to attending college and possibly even graduate school. This ideology has resulted in not just more Americans attending school but a higher percentage of the population enrolling in higher education. Inherently, many of these people increasingly so do not have the financial means to attend school. Additionally, increased attendance has had the effect of dispersing or diluting federal funding. This means that the number and amount of private loans has had to increase. Furthermore, as more students attend and graduate from college, the value of a college degree will decrease thus requiring to students to enroll in graduate school programs thus compounding the accumulation of debt. As a result, students are spending a great deal of their working lives attending school, trying to earn an education, while accruing massive debts, and then having to apply for a job for which they are usually far to qualified. This has breed a society which is not only frustrated but is under constant stress due to the requirements of the schooling system. We are creating  a population which is not suited for the work/economy/ jobs that need to be filled.

I have found some sources via epscohost that support of this abridged theory: Bubble Trouble by Carol Iannone- the cost of college and the education that is obtained from it
and
HIGH EXPECTATIONS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION? PERCEPTIONS OF COLLEGE
AND EXPERIENCES OF STRESS PRIOR TO AND THROUGH THE COLLEGE CAREER. by KREIG, DANA BALSINKI- expenses for the post college graduate and what is expected of them in our society 

Controversy: Yes, the stance that I will be taking is a more conservative opinion of the American education system and funding higher education. The more moderate and liberal view of education is discussed in the opposite terms which can be summarized in the following: each has the right to the best education that they can earn despite financial burdens (gov. should remove economic barriers) and that privatization should be decreased dramatically etc. 

Potential Topic for Research in the Disciplines Paper 9-9-14

I was interested by the Paul Tough reading because it was able to so clearly address many of the issues that effect underprivileged students. He also discusses one teacher's method to minimize the effect of these problems via extracurricular college preparation and the personalizing of schooling. These methods could be applied to a wider array of issues such as the ones discussed by Armstrong and Hamilton's "Paying for the Party". Students need to be better provided with the opportunity to gain skills and character that will allow them to more easily overcome the pressures of college. For example, students will be better equipped to complete there studies and be social, instead of feeling like they must choose between one or the other. A choice which cause many students to either drop out of school or graduate from school with "easy majors". As of the now I am interested in writing about getting the most out one's college experience without having to sacrifice academics or sociability. These is especially important due to the increasing personal cost of college in the United States as funding for college becomes increasingly privatized as according the "Understanding Privatization" reading.